ILLOGICAL PARTICIPLE MODIFIERS

A participle phrase connects two sentences with a common subject. When the two phrases do not share a common subject we call the participle phrase an illogical participle modifier.

⮚ Present participle (v + ing)
Examples:
Discussing, seeing, arresting


⮚ Perfect participle (having + v3) or (having + been + v3)
Examples:
having discussed
having arrested
having been apprehended etc.

(A)

Preposition / verb ing / not + v ing., sub + verb + ... Active
Examples:
After returning home, the lunch will be taken (incorrect)
After returning home, he will take the lunch (correct)

By working a ten hour day for four days, a long weekend can be enjoyed. (incorrect)
By working a ten hour day for four days, we can enjoy a long weekend. (correct)

Returning to her room, several pieces of jewelry were missing. (incorrect)
Returning to her room, she found that several pieces of jewelry were missing. (correct)


(B)

(Not) having + v3 + , sub+ V + O ... Active
Or
(Not) having + been + V3, O × S + be + V3 + ..... Passive
Examples:
Having apprehended the hijackers they were whisked off to FBI head quarters by the security guards (incorrect)
Having apprehended the hijackers, the security guards whisked them off to FBI head quarters (correct) Active
Having been apprehended, the hijackers were whisked off to FBI head quarters by the security guards.(correct) Passive

Also, Read our other Notes of English for Entrance Exams:

1. Article
2. Connectives
3. Number
4. Concord
5. Tense Use
6. Causative Verbs
7. Conditional Sentence
8. Voice
9. Reported Speech
10. Transformation
11. Gerund / To-Infinitive
12. Sentence Pattern
13. Agreement & Disagreement
14. Inversion
15. Adjectives
16. Embedded Question
17. Illogical participle Modifiers
18. Preposition
19. Question Tag
20. Pronouns
21. Commonly Confused Words
22. One Word Substitution
23. Words of Comparision
24. Specialists
25. Phobias
26. Killing & Killers
27. Graphy Words